We have analyzed throughout the previous entries some key points to succeed in writing an academic paragraph. This entry refers to the ways in which a paragraph can be developed, highlighting the development by listing, by examples, by comparison, by contrast, and by definition.
To begin with, list paragraphs usually contain a combination of four sentence types that are analyzed into four general functions. Paragraph introducers establish the topic focus as a whole, they can have two types of sentences, the topic introducer to establish the focus discussion, followed by the topic sentence to delimit the topic; the developers support the previous ideas with details, the modulators provide a smooth transition between different ideas and the terminators that conclude the ideas discussed previously.. Finally, there are certain words (connectors) to help the paragraph proceed smoothly such as first, second, third, etc.
Introducer
paragraph. T. I.
Topic Introducer. T.S. Topic Sentence
Hibrid paragraph is a combination of different sentence styles
The next example is a combination of a Comparison and an Example paragraph.
Molecular gastronomy is a scientific discipline, and note by note cuisine is the next culinary trend
Underlying Ideas:
Ecological Transitions, Socionatural Systems, and Adaptive
Behaviour
The theoretical background of most of the chapters in
this Book is informed by three concepts: “ecological transition”, “socionatural system”, and “adaptation.” The first
pertains to changes in relations of Homo sapiens and the
physical Environment, as sapiens entered into his full capacity
to shape the environment to his own ends. The second concept emphasizes an enduring reciprocity betweenhumans and the environment, regardless of the level of technological complesity or the particular “transition”
under consideration. The third concept concerns the
distinctive features of human behavior that underlie the human relationship to the environment – in particular, the remarkable plasticity of response and the ability to
solve problems arising from such responses.
Underlying Ideas:
Ecological
Transitions, Socionatural Systems, and Adaptive Behaviour
The theoretical b ackground of most of the chapters in
this Book is informed by three concepts:
“ecological transition”, “socio natural system”, and “adaptation.” The first pertains to changes
in relations of Homo sapiens and the physical Environment, as sapiens entered
into his full capacity to shape the environment to his own ends. The second concept emphasizes an
enduring reciprocity between humans and the environment, regardless of the
level of technological complexity or the particular “transition” under consideration.
The third concept concerns the
distinctive features of human behavior that underlie the human relationship to
the environment – in particular, the remarkable plasticity of response and the
ability to solve problems arising from such responses.
Paragraph Introducers: Topic Sentence
Paragraph Developers : Supporting Sentences
Connectors: The first- The second-
The third.
A comparison paragraph compares similar
aspects or qualities of two subjects.
Essay:
Capitalism vs. Socialism – Freedom vs. Control
Capitalism and Socialism
are two economic systems that have opposing views on the end goal and how to
reach it. Capitalism is centered around competition and privatization while
Socialism is driven by social equality. As
with any philosophy, there are
positive and negative aspects. Capitalism’s focus on competitive economics
downplays social reform. Socialism’s concentration on social equality often
does not allow for rational economic decision making. Each with their strengths and weaknesses, both of these systems are fueled by good intentions. Often, good
intentions are lost when policy makers wear blinders and fail to see their
direction has been changed by their inability to incorporate proper freedom and
control
Essay: Capitalism vs. Socialism – Freedom vs. Control
Capitalism and Socialism are two
economic systems that have opposing views on the end goal and how to reach it. Capitalism
is centered around competition and privatization while Socialism is driven by
social equality. As with any philosophy, there are positive and negative aspects.
Capitalism’s focus on
competitive economics downplays social reform. Socialism’s concentration on
social equality often does not allow for rational economic decision making. Each with their
strengths and weaknesses, both of these systems are
fueled by good intentions. Often, good intentions are lost when policy makers wear blinders and fail
to see their direction has been changed by their inability to incorporate
proper freedom and control.
Topic Sentence
Example Sentence
Transition
Sentence
Restatement
Sentence
Connectors: As
with…. There are…. Each with…, bothe of these. Often
Key words: Capitalism-Socialism. Freedom – Control.
Contrast paragraphs compare dissimilar aspects
of two subjects and the topic sentence should point out those contrasts
Paragraph developers may combine techniques of comparison, examples and
contrast. This technique is used to describe similarities and differences of two
subjects.
The idea of fairness is an equalizing
cause that brings people together and spurs them into action. Both Capitalism
and Socialism are grounded by the idea of fairness. It is, in essence, their
focus. However, they both see fairness as measured by something entirely
different from the other. Capitalists believe that fairness is found in the
freedom of competitive pricing, production, and distribution of goods. It is
also highlighted by the private ownership of property and decision making.
Socialists believe fairness can only be achieved by the equal distribution of
wealth and opportunity through collective means. The government owned and
managed production and distribution of goods allows steady work for everyone
and a society built on equal lifestyles. Capitalists reward their labor with
possibilities of wealth, power and property. Socialists offer social justice
through equal opportunity, pay, and care. The workforce for each magnifies this
key difference of focus and cause.
(The idea of
fairness is an equalizing cause that brings people together and spurs them into
action.) T.I.( Both Capitalism and Socialism are grounded by the idea of
fairness.) T.S. It is, in essence, their focus.
However, they both see fairness as measured by something entirely different from the other. ( Capitalists
believe that fairness is found in the freedom of competitive pricing,
production, and distribution of goods. It is also highlighted by the private
ownership of property and decision making). E1 (Socialists believe fairness can only be achieved by the
equal distribution of wealth and opportunity through collective means. The
government owned and managed production and distribution of goods allows steady
work for everyone and a society built on equal lifestyles.) E2 (Capitalists reward their labor with
possibilities of wealth, power and property.) E1 Socialists offer social justice through equal
opportunity, pay, and care. E2 The workforce for each magnifies this key difference of focus and
cause.
Developer
paragraphs (E1)
Example 1- (E2) Example 2
Terminator
paragraph.
Key words:
fairness-Capitalism- Socialism- Differen –Equal – Distribution
Connectors: However (to express contrast)
The definition paragraph usually found at the beginning of a book or a paper to define a new subject.
Molecular gastronomy
In 1988, a new scientific discipline, molecular gastronomy, was defined as ‘looking for the mechanisms of phenomena occurring during dish preparation and consumption’ .This new definition presented the opportunity to discuss the precise content of molecular gastronomy and its relationship with other existing fields of science.
Molecular gastronomy
(In 1988, a new scientific discipline, molecular gastronomy, was defined as ‘looking for the mechanisms of phenomena occurring during dish preparation and consumption.) T: S: (This new definition presented the opportunity to discuss the precise content of molecular gastronomy and its relationship with other existing fields of science.) R
Key words: molecular gastronomy-mechanisms of phenomena- preparation- consumption
The definition and explanation of the key wordis in the first sentence. (T: S): Topic Sentence
R. Restatement sentence describes, explains or defines an unfamiliar term. Itcan be developed by using contrast, by comparison, by synthesis, or some combinations of these sentence types.
The definition and explanation of the key word
R. Restatement sentence describes, explains or defines an unfamiliar term. It
The next example is a combination of a Comparison and an Example paragraph.
Molecular gastronomy is a scientific discipline, and note by note cuisine is the next culinary trend
Abstract
For the past two decades, there has been much confusion about molecular gastronomy. This confusion has arisen because people ignore that the word gastronomy does not mean cuisine, it means knowledge about food. Similar to ‘molecular biology’, molecular gastronomy is a scientific discipline that looks for the mechanisms of phenomena occurring during dish preparation and consumption. As with any other scientific discipline, it can have many applications. One of the first was ‘molecular cuisine’ but since 1994, ‘note by note cuisine’ has also been promoted. The latter involves preparing dishes using pure compounds, or more practically mixture of compounds obtained by fractioning plant or animal tissues, instead of using these tissues themselves. Note by note cuisine raises issues in various fields: science, technology, nutrition, physiology, toxicology and politics.
For the past two decades,
there has been much confusion about molecular gastronomy. (T: I:) This confusion has
arisen because people ignore that the word gastronomy does not mean cuisine, it
means knowledge about food (T: S:). Similar to
‘molecular biology’, molecular gastronomy is a scientific discipline that looks
for the mechanisms of phenomena occurring during dish preparation and
consumption. As with any other scientific discipline, it can have many
applications. One of the first was ‘molecular cuisine’ but since 1994, ‘note by
note cuisine’ has also been promoted. The latter involves preparing dishes
using pure compounds, or more practically mixture of compounds obtained by
fractioning plant or animal tissues, instead of using these tissues themselves. Note by note cuisine raises issues
in various fields: science, technology, nutrition, physiology, toxicology and
politics.
Paragraph introducer : (T.I.) Topic introducer . (T.S.) Topic sentence. Paragraph developers: Supporting
sentences. Paragraph modulator Paragraph terminator Co nnectors: similar to - as with any others one of the first -but - since- instead of- the latter
Key words: molecular- ga stronomy- confussion - cuissine -
Bibliography
Bennet, John W, 1915-Human
Ecology as Human Behaviour : essays in Environmental and Development
Anthropology,
Very good!
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